![]() At best, injecting g reen hydrogen into the BF – BOF route can reduce emissions by 21%.Similarly, ArcelorMittal claims it is already delivering green steel even thoug h it does not use H2-DRI nor BF-BOF with CCS at a meaningful scale yet. Overall, its claim of climate-neutral steel by 2022 is dubious and calls for more scrutiny. C lose attention must be paid to avoid that any emission reductions are automatically equated to “climate-neutral” or “green” steel. But even under optimal conditions, it cannot make steel ‘green’, i.e. However, as shown, H2-BF can have varying effects on the carbon footprint of steel. Thyssenkrupp claims it will produce 50,000 tonnes of climate-neutral steel by 2022 using H2-BF. This will likely be needed to scale up hydrogen production more quickly.Ĭlaims and r eality of “ c limate-neutral” steel Adding CCS to the reforming process (blue hydrogen) could reduce emissio n levels similar to green hydrogen ( with some residual emissions). Using grey hydrogen, emissions would be reduced by only ± 2.1%, ten times less than in the case of green hydrogen. Con sidering t heir H2-production portfolio the hydrogen is like ly to be grey. For example, Thyssenkrupp ’s Duisburg project announced it w ill acquire hydrogen through Air Liquide ’s regional hydrogen network in the meantime. In the meantime, they’ll use grey hydrogen. Under current policy frameworks the date for these conditions to be fulfilled is unknown, yet unlikely to be in the near-term. Some companies say they will use green hydrogen when available at reasonable costs and quantities, a claim echoed by many in various industries. Hydrogen from the reforming of natu ral gas (grey hydrogen) If hydrogen is produced via electrolysis using German grid electricity, emissions could increase by 36.7%. Thyssenkrupp expects to have some green hydrogen by the mid-2020s, but this will depend on how the share of renewables in the electricity grid evolves. ![]() Only three projects of the eight that were found state their intention of using green hydrogen from the start: Arce lorMittal in France, Voestalpine in Austria (project H2FUTURE) and TATA in the Netherlands (project H2ERMES). Of the several ways hydrogen can be produced, renewable energy coupled to electrolysis should be the priority as it achieves the largest emission cuts, ☒1%, resulting from hydrogen use in the BF-BOF. Sources: ArcelorMittal, Voestalpine, Thyssenkrupp, TATA, Dillinger/Saarstahl. Projects for hydrogen use in BF-BOF (H2 -BF ). Several European steel producers have plans for using H2-BF (table 1). However, due to technical reasons, it is not fe asible to only use hydrogen in a blast furnace and therefore, H2-BF is often seen as a transition towards H2-DRI to provide emission reductions in the near-term. Today, the most common auxiliary reducing agents are pulverized coal (PC), oil, natural gas, or a combination of these, all of which produce CO 2. H2 -BF has the potential to reduce emissions both in the coke plant and blast furnace because i t reduces the amount of coal needed and only forms water after reacting with iron ore instead of carbon dioxide. The coke plant produces coking coal, which is used in the blast furnace both as a heat source and to reduce iron. The majority of the emissions come from the blast furnace and the coke plant. The BF-BOF route, also known as the primary production rou te, a ccounts for 60% of steel production in Europe. Using hydrogen in the Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace route (BF-BOF) This article will focus on H2 – BF, while H2 – DR I will be discussed in a future article.
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